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Climate change is adversely affecting all parts of the earth. There has been a dramatic increase in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) globally since the industrial revolution of the 19th century. The planet warms faster as more GHGs are added to the earth's atmosphere. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services warns that “the health of ecosystems on which we and all other species depend is deteriorating more rapidly than ever. We are eroding the very foundations of our economies, livelihoods, food security, health, and quality of life worldwide.”

With GHGs (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, other gases - see epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases) continually added to earth's atmosphere, the planet continues to warm at an increasing rate. Unfortunately, much larger changes to the earth's climate are projected despite the current pace of global climate change mitigation.

Thus, an increase in the pace of climate change mitigation (such as increased global investment in, and implementation of, clean and sustainable energy & technologies) is imperative to slow the pace of climate change. In this article, the focus is on just a few (of many) categories of climate change, all of which represent significant adverse impacts to people and ecosystems.

As the planet's temperature rises, ocean temperature also rises in some regions globally, while simultaneously droughts and wildfires increase in other regions, and adverse climate feedback loops occur globally. For example, as the earth's temperature and ocean temperature rise, there is also an increase in the size and frequency of intense storms and flooding. The increase in extreme storms leads again to an increase in the very factors that lead to more extreme wet weather in the first place (evidence of an increase in adverse climate feedback loops).

Simultaneously, global warming leads to extreme drought in other parts of the planet, and severe wildfires result - the larger wildfires and drought dry out land to make way for more adverse climate feedback loops (higher average temperatures, more extreme drought, more wildfires, etc...). An increase in severe drought globally also has knock-on effects, such as devastation to agricultural food crops throughout entire regions of the planet.

From the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization: "The percentage of the planet affected by drought has more than doubled in the last 40 years and in the same timespan droughts have affected more people worldwide than any other natural hazard. Climate change is indeed exacerbating drought in many parts of the world, increasing its frequency, severity and duration. Severe drought episodes have a dire impact on the socio-economic sector and the environment and can lead to massive famines and migration, natural resource degradation, and weak economic performance."    FROM  -    fao.org/land-water/droughtandag

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Atmospheric Changes/ Global Warming

Global warming presently is primarily due to human-caused GHGs from the combustion of fossil fuels. Essentially, rises in GHGs will continue to increase average global temperatures at a continuously higher rate.

The impacts and pace of global warming simultaneously accelerate adverse feedback loops, which have the effect of increasing the pace of global temperature rise. Thus, the hope to reduce the effects of adverse consequences of climate change is tied to the successful global effort to reduce GHGs.

Consequences of global warming and related adverse climate feedback loops include increases in extreme weather events of all kinds, such as:

• increased severity of hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones
• disruption of global weather patterns, such as jet stream disturbances that send colder weather further south (i.e. 'polar vortex')
• chaotic increases in rainfall and flooding in parts of the world, while simultaneously other distant parts of the world experience -
• drought, heatwaves, wildfires, and devastation to local agriculture 
• increases in toxic algal blooms
• extinction of wildlife species and ecosystems
• ocean acidification

Read more about global warming here.

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Arctic Warming/ Sea Level Rise

Billions of tons of melting sea ice and glaciers are continuous year-round due to Arctic warming, and the consequences have worldwide implications including rising ocean water levels. Icebergs and other smaller ice formations throughout the sea are melting due to global warming, in addition to glaciers in Greenland, and throughout the world and Arctic. Sea level rise is already threatening some regions of the planet, especially during extreme high tide and flooding events. Melting ice of all sizes, and warming oceans adversely affects the lives of marine wildlife species and ecosystems. Read more about the adverse effects on marine wildlife from global warming below.

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Marine Changes

Changes to global ocean habitats are making life difficult for vast amounts of marine species. Fish and marine wildlife species' diversity ranges and distribution are changing significantly due to global warming. These changes correspond to climate changes to the planet; rising sea levels due to melting glaciers & polar ice melt, composition changes in oceans, and increasing the acidification of the planet's waters. Ocean acidification has led to mass die-offs of coral reefs, home to a diverse set of marine species. Marine changes have also affected coastal ecosystems and communities, causing them to face increasing exposure to storms and floods.

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Increase in Wildfires

Wildfires are forecast to continue to increase in frequency, duration, and range. Increasing global temperatures will continue to increase the number and level of wildfires worldwide. The increasing number of wildfires will, in turn, cause a continued increase in global temperatures. This is a diabolical adverse feedback loop of increased atmospheric GHGs and adverse effects of global warming; a continuous cycle of global environmental devastation.

Despite the seemingly unusual high frequency of the raging wildfires that took place recently, it is alarming that there are many more large wildfires predicted over the coming couple of years. In California and Australia, as well as throughout the entire planet; warmer temperatures, drier land conditions, and extreme dry gusty wind are expected to expand the length and increase the intensity of wildfires.

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Thawing Permafrost

Thawing permafrost will release large amounts of potent GHGs, such as methane, increasing global warming. Thawing ground (for example, in Siberia) is also likely to disrupt municipal building sectors and other infrastructure on a regional basis; for regions where human activity and permafrost are both present. The recent Arctic fires are an example of an adverse climate feedback loop; the fires set loose significantly high amounts of the potent GHG methane that had been locked in permafrost; increasing global warming and the potential for more severe Arctic fires.

GHGs continue to increase on a global basis, accelerating global warming. However, concerned people, countries, and cities, can help limit the effects of climate change, as seen in the cases of Green City Times' featured sustainable cities.

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Please also see:

GCT's Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

See Also: climate.nasa.gov/effects

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