Building Decarbonization: How to Better Support Green Building Certification
By Lou Ferrall
The built environment continues to drive global emissions as urban energy demand grows, even as cities pursue net-zero targets. Green building certifications already provide measurable standards to guide energy-efficient design and operation. How can developers and policymakers make decarbonization efforts more effective?
What Are Green Building Certifications?
Green building certifications are third-party ratings that assess a structure’s environmental performance and overall sustainability. Prominent examples include Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM).
LEED, developed by the U.S. Green Building Council, is the most widely used green building rating system globally. It assesses energy efficiency, water use, material selection, waste management, and indoor environmental quality.
The organization awards certification at four levels — Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum — based on points earned. BREEAM applies similar criteria but places additional emphasis on-site ecology, pollution, and occupant well-being. Its weighted, five-star scoring system goes from Pass to Outstanding.
Both frameworks establish clear benchmarks for new construction, existing establishments, renovations, and retrofits. They evaluate the full life cycle of a building from design and construction through operations and maintenance.
Pursuing these credentials offers tangible operational and financial benefits while advancing decarbonization goals. Certified buildings use less energy, emit fewer greenhouse gases, and consume less water than non-verified counterparts. They demonstrate compliance with sustainability standards valued by tenants, investors and policymakers, while also enhancing property value and rental potential.
For example, BREEAM-certified developments have shown an average increase of 20.6% in capital value. Meeting these benchmarks helps buildings reduce environmental impact while improving efficiency, occupant comfort, and market appeal.
Strategies for Achieving Decarbonization in Buildings
Decarbonizing buildings requires practical steps across design, construction, and daily operations. The potential to slash energy use and emissions begins with the following methods.
Energy-Efficient Infrastructure
Facilities often waste resources due to outdated systems and poor design. In a typical home, lighting contributes about 15% of the total bill. Replacing traditional fluorescent or incandescent bulbs with LEDs can significantly reduce that consumption. Automated HVAC and lighting controls reduce power consumption in unoccupied areas, while improved insulation, high-performance windows, and energy-smart layouts lower heating and cooling loads.
Renewable Energy Use
By 2030, renewables may provide around 40% of a building’s electricity consumption, significantly reducing reliance on fossil fuels and easing pressure on the grid. Electrifying space and water heating, as well as appliances, ensures that this power comes entirely from clean sources. This approach lowers greenhouse gas emissions and boosts LEED energy performance scores.
Circular Water Consumption
Outdated fixtures, leaks, and inefficient landscaping slowly drain clean, usable water and increase utility costs. Upgrading to WaterSense-labeled fixtures and Energy Star appliances can cut water use and save hundreds of dollars per year.
Additionally, graywater recycling and rainwater collection can supply irrigation or toilet flushing and ease demand on the main supply. Smart monitoring and automated controls prevent waste, while drought-tolerant landscaping reduces outdoor water use. Together, these measures conserve resources, reduce utility costs, and help structures earn green certification points for water efficiency.
Environmentally Friendly Maintenance
Daily maintenance is essential for reducing operational emissions and extending the building’s service life. Regular HVAC maintenance, upgrading to advanced electrical control systems, and installing low-flow plumbing help ensure optimal efficiency and reduce energy use throughout the structure’s lifetime.
Using non-toxic, biodegradable cleaners for routine cleaning reduces chemical exposure. For equipment maintenance, dry ice blasting uses recycled CO2, avoids harmful chemicals, and produces no secondary waste. This method prevents contamination and helps facilities meet health and safety standards for occupants.
Long-Lasting Durability
True sustainability considers how long a building serves its intended purpose. Extending its lifespan to push 100 years can reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions by 19%. Achieving this begins with selecting durable, low-maintenance materials that minimize waste and lessen the need for frequent replacements.
Concrete with high thermal mass, treated wood, and recycled steel can extend a structure’s service life by decades. These durable components reduce embodied carbon across multiple life cycles and earn certification points in material sourcing and life-cycle impact categories.
Carbon Accounting and Monitoring
Buildings cannot manage what they do not measure. Carbon accounting tracks greenhouse gas emissions from energy, water, materials, and waste. Installing sub-meters and monitoring systems identifies which areas use the most electricity, enabling corrective action.
Real-time dashboards that track emissions over time also ensure compliance with certification standards, while helping owners demonstrate progress to tenants, investors, and policymakers. Accurate monitoring turns abstract sustainability goals into actionable targets, making decarbonization measurable and verifiable.
Sustainability in Numbers
A single establishment cannot significantly reduce global emissions, making efforts that extend beyond individual structures essential. Urban planning codes that embed sustainable development principles help create healthier, more livable communities.
This approach applies not only to new construction but also to retrofits, accelerating decarbonization across entire neighborhoods. This goal is especially important since construction and demolition account for around 40% of the U.S. waste stream.
Make Decarbonization a Community Effort
Earning green building certifications pays dividends for both the environment and human health. Achieving them requires careful planning and operations that align with sustainability, while ensuring the structure’s life cycle extends into the future. Supporting certifications is not a one-time or one-building task. It spans entire communities and encourages adoption across daily habits, engaging planners, developers, and tenants alike.
Lou Farrell
Lou is the Senior Editor of sustainability and technology for Revolutionized Magazine. He has over 4 years of experience crafting compelling articles on a variety of topics, from energy efficiency trends to eco-friendly construction. He loves to write, and is passionate about sharing his knowledge with others.