Small Trash, Big Problems: Surprising Facts About Litter You Didn’t Know
By Beth Rush
Trash left in public or open spaces is considered litter. It can include anything unwanted, like tobacco products, papers, plastics, or cans, and is irresponsibly discarded.
Some may believe that leaving a piece of trash behind here or there is harmless. However, even the smallest bits of trash can have a massive, compounded impact on the environment we share.
Here are several littering facts and statistics that may surprise you.
1. Littering is Illegal
In addition to having negative environmental consequences, littering is illegal — it goes beyond personal morality and ethics. States implement fines to discourage residents from littering because it hurts both the people and wildlife in their community.
There are different consequences for littering, ranging from paying fees to completing community service to serving jail time.
In the United States, fines can range from $25 in Massachusetts to $30,000 in Maryland. Some states charge based on the weight of litter, while others charge based on its type.
Under Section 144A of the Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 (POEO Act), a penalty fee can range from $160 to $100,000 based on the extent of the crime.
2. Trash Endangers Marine and Wildlife
Litter can be detrimental to the health and well-being of animals and wildlife. Experts estimate that there are about 50-75 trillion pieces of plastic in the ocean, and this makes up about 80% of the globe’s total plastic pollution.
If the litter rate is not soon under control, plastic in the ocean could outnumber fish by 2050. Ocean life can consume these plastics, leading to potential illness and injury.
While plastic is a major danger to animal and plant life, other types of litter pose a significant threat, including aluminum cans, glass, and cigarette butts.
3. Litter Impacts Human Health
When waste is not disposed of correctly, the mismanagement can cause health issues, especially in poorer areas. Between 400,000 and one million people die annually from diseases linked to mismanaged waste. When trash and plastic are burned in open areas, the toxic fumes emitted can lead to respiratory and other health issues.
An estimated 42% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions are caused by waste disposal. The average U.S. household accumulates up to 100 pounds of hazardous waste annually. These numbers seem small, but the impact is significant when you combine all the household waste.
Emissions are just one way litter can contribute to poor health. Another is road and walkway safety. Trash can cause unnecessary—and potentially dangerous—obstructions, unsafe road conditions, and increased chances of a driving mishap.
Programs like Adopt-a-Highway are amazing for combating litter on our roadways and maintaining a safer, cleaner environment for travel. This initiative promotes public awareness about roadside trash and works to reduce litter on New Jersey’s highways.
4. Decomposition Can Take Years
Decomposition is another important consideration regarding litter. Tossing a can, fast food package, water bottle or cigarette butt out the window takes only a second, but those materials may not decompose fully for years!
Did you know that cigarette butts are one of the biggest forms of litter on highways and roadways in the world? Despite their small size and the commonality of tossing these butts out the car window or down to the sidewalk, cigarettes are very harmful to the environment. They contain dangerous chemicals and can take up to 10 years to decompose naturally.
Other commonly littered items, like food wrappers, can take decades to decompose. Plastic bottles can take hundreds of years to fully deteriorate. This means your litter could be a problem far after you have left it behind, impacting generations after you.
5. Litter Has Expensive Consequences
Litter cleanup costs in the United States total more than $11.5 billion annually. One example of big spending is in Texas, where taxpayers pay $50 million annually for litter to be removed from their local roadsides.
In addition to the high costs of cleaning up litter, states with significant trash-related problems are also not attracting as many visitors or tourists. Less tourism causes them to lose out on valuable income that could go towards improving the state.
Litter-related sickness also translates to higher medical spending. These hidden costs of littering cannot be understated.
The bottom line here: litter is an expensive problem, one that everyone has to pay for.
Clean Up Your Mess
At a glance, the decision to dispose of waste incorrectly takes only a moment and can have decades and millions of dollars in consequences. From harming animals to impacting roadway safety, littering is not a minor offense — it is a serious one that should not be overlooked or taken lightly.
To make a difference, support organizations that combat litter. Consider participating in local clean-up events. Encourage your friends, family members, and neighbors to practice proper waste disposal and follow local recycling guidelines.
Cleaning up after ourselves is truly the least we can do to help our communities thrive.
About the author: Beth Rush is the green wellness editor at Body+Mind, where she covers topics like the power of climate consciousness at all stages of education. You can find Beth on Twitter @bodymindmag. Subscribe to Body+Mind for more posts by Beth!